2.3 Stipulations of Fact

The parties have agreed to certain facts [to be placed in evidence as Exhibit __ ] [that will be read to you]. You must therefore treat these facts as having been proved.

Comment

When parties enter into stipulations as to material facts, those facts will be deemed to have been conclusively proved, and the jury may be so instructed. United States v. Mikaelian, 168 F.3d 380, 389 (9th Cir. 1999) (citing United States v. Houston, 547 F.2d 104, 107 (9th Cir. 1976)), amended by 180 F.3d 1091 (9th Cir. 1999).