Jury Instruction Numbers Conversion Table

Only chapters that have new or renumbered instructions in the 2025 Print Edition of the Civil Manual are shown below. All other chapters have no changes in instruction numbering.

Chapter 2: Instructions on Types of Evidence

2017 Print Version	2025 Online Version	2025 Print Version	Title
—	2.0	2.1	Cautionary Instructions
2.1	2.1	2.2	Stipulated Testimony
2.2	2.2	2.3	Stipulations of Fact
2.3	2.3	2.4	Judicial Notice
2.4	2.4	2.5	Deposition I Lieu of Live Testimony
2.5	2.5	2.6	Transcript of Recording in English
2.6	2.6	2.7	Transcript of Recording in Foreign Language
2.7	2.7	2.8	Disputed Transcript of Recording in Foreign Language
2.8	2.8	2.9	Foreign Language Testimony
2.9	2.9	2.10	Impeachment Evidence—Witness
2.10	2.10	2.11	Tests and Experiments
2.11	2.11	2.12	Use of Interrogatories
2.12	2.12	2.13	Use of Requests for Admission
2.13	2.13	2.14	[Expert] Opinion Testimony (2025); Expert Opinion (2017)
2.14	2.14	2.15	Charts and Summaries Not Received in Evidence
2.15	2.15	2.16	Charts and Summaries Received in Evidence
2.16	2.16	2.17	Evidence in Electronic Format

Chapter 9: Civil Rights Action—42 U.S.C. § 1983

2017 Print Version	2025 Online Version	2025 Print Version	Title
9.1	9.1	9.1	Section 1983 Claim—Introductory Instruction
9.2	9.2	9.2	Causation
9.3	9.3	9.3	Section 1983 Claim Against Defendant in Individual Capacity— Elements and Burden of Proof
9.4	9.4	9.4	Section 1983 Claim Against Supervisory Defendant in Individual Capacity—Elements and Burden of Proof
9.5	9.5	9.5	Section 1983 Claim Against Local Governing Body Defendants Based on Unlawful Official Policy, Practice, or Custom—Elements and Burden of Proof
9.6	9.6	9.6	Section 1983 Claim Against Local Governing Body Defendants Based on Act of Final Policymaker—Elements and Burden of Proof
9.7	9.7	9.7	Section 1983 Claim Against Local Governing Body Defendants Based on Ratification—Elements and Burden of Proof
9.8	9.8	9.8	Section 1983 Claim Against Local Governing Body Defendants Based on a Policy That Fails to Prevent Violations of Law or a Policy of Failure to Train—Elements and Burden of Proof
9.9	9.9	9.9	Particular Rights—First Amendment—Public Employees—Speech
9.10	9.10	9.10	Particular Rights—First Amendment—Public Employees—Speaking as a Private Citizen
9.11	9.11	9.11	Particular Rights—First Amendment— “Citizen” Plaintiff
—	9.11A	9.12	Particular Rights—First Amendment—Convicted Prisoner/Pretrial Detainee’s Claim of Retaliation
9.12	9.12	9.13	Particular Rights—Fourth Amendment—Unreasonable Search—Generally
9.13	9.13	9.14	Particular Rights—Fourth Amendment—Unreasonable Search—Exception to Warrant Requirement—Search Incident to Arrest
9.14	9.14	9.15	Particular Rights—Fourth Amendment—Unreasonable Search— Exception to Warrant Requirement—Search of Vehicle Incident to Arrest of a Recent Occupant
9.15	9.15	9.16	Particular Rights—Fourth Amendment—Unreasonable Search—Exception To Warrant Requirement—Consent
9.16	9.16	9.17	Particular Rights—Fourth Amendment—Unreasonable Search—Exception to Warrant Requirement—Exigent Circumstances
9.17	9.17	9.18	Particular Rights—Fourth Amendment—Unreasonable Search—Exception to Warrant Requirement—Emergency Aid
—	9.17A	9.19	Particular Rights—Fourth Amendment—Unreasonable Search— Judicial Deception
9.18	9.18	9.20	Particular Rights—Fourth Amendment—Unreasonable Seizure of Property—Generally
9.19	9.19	9.21	Particular Rights—Fourth Amendment—Unreasonable Seizure of Property—Exceptions to Warrant Requirement
9.20	9.20	9.22	Particular Rights—Fourth Amendment—Unreasonable Seizure of Person—Generally
9.21	9.21	9.23	Particular Rights—Fourth Amendment—Unreasonable Seizure of Person—Exception to Warrant Requirement—Terry Stop
9.22	9.22	9.24	Particular Rights—Fourth Amendment—Unreasonable Search—Exception To Warrant Requirement—Terry Frisk
9.23	9.23	9.25	Particular Rights—Fourth Amendment—Unreasonable Seizure of Person—Probable Cause Arrest
9.24	9.24	9.26	Particular Rights—Fourth Amendment—Unreasonable Seizure of Person—Detention During Execution of Search Warrant
9.25	9.25	9.27	Particular Rights—Fourth Amendment—Unreasonable Seizure of Person—Excessive Force (2025); Particular Rights—Fourth Amendment—Unreasonable Seizure of Person—Excessive (Deadly and Nondeadly) Force (2017)
—	9.25A	9.28	Particular Rights—Sixth Amendment—Right to Compulsory Process—Interference with Witness
9.26	9.26	9.29	Particular Rights—Eighth Amendment—Convicted Prisoner’s Claim of Excessive Force
—	9.26A	9.30	Particular Rights—Eighth Amendment—Convicted Prisoner’s Claim of Sexual Assault
9.27	9.27	9.31	Particular Rights—Eighth Amendment—Convicted Prisoner’s Claim Re Conditions of Confinement/Medical Care
9.28	9.28	9.32	Particular Rights—Eighth Amendment—Convicted Prisoner’s Claim of Failure to Protect
9.29	9.29	9.33	Particular Rights—Fourteenth Amendment—Pretrial Detainee’s Claim of Excessive Force
9.30	9.30	9.34	Particular Rights—Fourteenth Amendment—Pretrial Detainee’s Claim Re Conditions of Confinement/Medical Care
9.31	9.31	9.35	Particular Rights—Fourteenth Amendment—Pretrial Detainee’s Claim of Failure to Protect
9.32	9.32	9.36	Particular Rights—Fourteenth Amendment—Due Process— Interference with Parent/Child Relationship
—	9.32A	9.37	Particular Rights–Fourteenth Amendment— Due Process—Civil Commitment
9.33	9.33	9.38	Particular Rights—Fourteenth Amendment—Due Process—Deliberate Fabrication of Evidence
—	9.33A	9.39	Particular Rights—Fourteenth Amendment—Due Process— Deliberate or Reckless Suppression of Evidence
—	9.33B	9.40	Particular Rights—Fourteenth Amendment—Due Process—State-Created Danger
9.34	9.34	9.41	Qualified Immunity
9.35	9.35	9.42	Bivens Claim Against Federal Defendant in Individual Capacity— Elements and Burden of Proof
—	9.36	9.43	Discrimination in Making and Enforcing Contracts (42 U.S.C. § 1981)

Chapter 10: Civil Rights—Title VII—Employment Discrimination; Harassment; Retaliation

2017 Print Version	2025 Online Version	2025 Print Version	Title
10.1	10.1	10.1	Civil Rights—Title VII—Disparate Treatment—Without Affirmative Defense of “Same Decision” (2025); Civil Rights—Title VII—Disparate Treatment—When Evidence Supports “Sole Reason” or “Motivating Factor” (2017)
10.2	10.2	10.2	Civil Rights—Title VII—Disparate Treatment—With Affirmative Defense of “Same Decision” (2025; Civil Rights—Title VII—Disparate Treatment—“Sole Reason”—Elements and Burden of Proof (2017)
10.3	10.3	10.3	Civil Rights—Title VII—Disparate Treatment— “Because of” Defined (2025); Civil Rights—Title VII—Disparate Treatment—“Motivating Factor”—Elements and Burden of Proof (2017)
10.4	10.4	10.4	Civil Rights—Title VII—Hostile Work Environment—Harassment
—	10.4A	10.5	Civil Rights—Title VII—Hostile Work Environment—Definition
10.5	10.5	10.6	Civil Rights—Title VII—Hostile Work Environment—Harassment Because of Protected Characteristics—Elements
10.6	10.6	10.7	Civil Rights—Title VII—Hostile Work Environment Caused by Supervisor—Claim Based upon Vicarious Liability—Tangible Employment Action—Affirmative Defense
10.7	10.7	10.8	Civil Rights—Title VII—Hostile Work Environment Caused by Non-Immediate Supervisor or by Co-Worker—Claim Based on Negligence
—	10.7A	10.9	“Hostile Work Environment” Defined
10.8	10.8	10.10	Civil Rights—Title VII—Retaliation—Elements and Burden of Proof
10.9	10.9	10.11	Civil Rights—Title VII—“Adverse Employment Action” Defined
10.10	10.10	10.12	Civil Rights—Title VII—“Adverse Employment Action” in Retaliation Cases
10.11	10.11	10.13	Civil Rights—Title VII—“Adverse Employment Action” in Disparate Treatment Cases
10.12	10.12	10.14	Civil Rights—Title VII—“Tangible Employment Action” Defined
10.13	10.13	10.15	Civil Rights—Title VII—“Constructive Discharge” Defined
10.14	10.14	10.16	Civil Rights—Title VII—Defense—Bona Fide Occupational Qualification
10.15	10.15	10.17	Civil Rights—Title VII—Defense—Bona Fide Seniority System
10.16	10.16	10.18	Civil Rights—Title VII—Defense—After-Acquired Evidence
10.17	10.17	10.19	Civil Rights—Title VII—Defense—Undue Hardship in Religious Accommodation Cases

Chapter 15: Trademark

2017 Print Version	2025 Online Version	2025 Print Version	Title
15.1	15.1	15.1	Preliminary Instruction—Trademark
15.2	15.2	15.2	Definition—Trademark (15 U.S.C. § 1127)
15.3	15.3	15.3	Definition—Trade Dress (15 U.S.C. § 1125(a))
15.4	15.4	15.4	Definition—Trade Name/Commercial Name (15 U.S.C. § 1127)
15.5	15.5	15.5	Trademark Liability—Theories and Policies (15 U.S.C. §§ 1114(1), 1125(a))
15.6	15.6	15.6	Infringement—Elements and Burden of Proof—Trademark (15 U.S.C. § 1114(1))
15.7	15.7	15.7	Infringement—Elements and Burden of Proof—Trade Dress (15 U.S.C. § 1125(a)(1))
15.8	15.8	15.8	Infringement—Elements—Presumed Validity and Ownership—Registered Trademark (15 U.S.C. §§ 1057, 1065, and 1115)
15.9	15.9	15.9	Infringement—Elements—Validity—Unregistered Marks
15.10	15.10	15.10	Infringement—Elements—Validity—Unregistered Marks—Distinctiveness
15.11	15.11	15.11	Infringement—Elements—Validity— Distinctiveness—Secondary Meaning
15.12	15.12	15.12	Infringement—Elements—Validity—Trade Dress —Non-Functionality Requirement
15.13	15.13	15.13	Infringement—Elements—Ownership—Generally
15.14	15.13	15.13	Infringement—Elements—Ownership—Priority Through Tacking
15.15	15.15	15.15	Trademark Ownership—Assignee (15 U.S.C. § 1060)
15.16	15.16	15.16	Trademark Ownership—Licensee
15.17	15.17	15.17	Trademark Ownership—Merchant or Distributor
15.18	15.18	15.18	Infringement—Likelihood of Confusion—Factors—Sleekcraft Test (15 U.S.C. §§ 1114(1) and 1125(a))
15.19	15.19	15.19	Infringement—Likelihood of Confusion—Sleekcraft Factor 1— Strength or Weakness of the Plaintiff’s Mark (2025); Infringement—Likelihood of Confusion—Factor— Strength of Trademark (2017)
—	15.19A	15.20	Expressive Works
15.20	15.20	15.21	Derivative Liability—Inducing Infringement
15.21	15.21	15.22	Derivative Liability—Contributory Infringement
15.22	15.22	15.23	Defenses—Abandonment—Affirmative Defense—Defendant’s Burden of Proof (15 U.S.C. § 1127)
15.23	15.23	15.24	Defenses—Continuous Prior Use Within Remote Geographic Area—Affirmative Defense (15 U.S.C. § 1115(b)(5))
15.24	15.24	15.25	Defenses— “Classic” Fair Use (15 U.S.C. § 1115(b)(4))
15.25	15.25	15.26	Defenses—Nominative Fair Use
—	15.25A	15.27	Defenses—First Sale
15.26	15.26	15.28	Trademark Damages—Actual or Statutory Notice (15 U.S.C. § 1111)
15.27	15.27	15.29	Trademark Damages—Plaintiff’s Actual Damages (15 U.S.C. § 1117(a))
15.28	15.28	15.30	Trademark Damages—Plaintiff’s Statutory Damages (15 U.S.C. § 1117(c) and (d))
15.29	15.29	15.31	Trademark Damages—Disgorgement of Defendant’s Profits (15 U.S.C. § 1117(a))
15.30	15.30	15.32	Trademark Dilution (15 U.S.C. § 1125(c))
15.31	15.31	15.33	Anti-Cybersquatting (15 U.S.C. § 1125(d))

Chapter 17: Copyright

2017 Print Version	2025 Online Version	2025 Print Version	Title
17.1	17.1	17.1	Preliminary Instruction—Copyright
17.2	17.2	17.2	Copyright—Defined (17 U.S.C. § 106)
17.3	17.3	17.3	Copyright—Subject Matter—Generally (17 U.S.C. § 102)
17.4	17.4	17.4	Copyright—Subject Matter—Ideas and Expression (17 U.S.C. § 102(b))
17.5	17.5	17.5	Copyright Infringement—Elements—Ownership and Copying (17 U.S.C. § 501(a)-(b))
17.6	17.6	17.6	Copyright Infringement—Ownership of Valid Copyright—Definition (17 U.S.C. §§ 201–205)
17.7	17.7	17.7	Copyright Infringement—Copyright Registration Certificate (17 U.S.C. § 410(c))
17.8	17.8	17.8	Copyright Interests—Authorship (17 U.S.C. § 201(a))
17.9	17.9	17.9	Copyright Interests— Joint Authors (17 U.S.C. §§ 101, 201(a))
17.10	17.10	17.10	Copyright Interests—Authors of Collective Works (17 U.S.C. § 201(c))
17.11	17.11	17.11	Copyright Interests—Work Made for Hire by Employee
17.12	17.12	17.12	Copyright Interests—Assignee (17 U.S.C. § 201(d)(1))
17.13	17.13	17.13	Copyright Interests—Exclusive Licensee (17 U.S.C. § 201(d)(2))
17.14	17.13	17.13	Copyright Infringement—Originality
17.15	17.15	17.15	Copyright Interests—Derivative Work
17.16	17.16	17.16	Compilation (17 U.S.C. § 101)
17.17	17.17	17.17	Copying—Access and Substantial Similarity
17.18	17.18	17.18	Copyright Infringement—Copying—Access Defined
17.19	17.19	17.19	Substantial Similarity—Extrinsic Test; Intrinsic Test
17.20	17.20	17.20	Secondary Liability—Vicarious Infringement—Elements and Burden of Proof
17.21	17.21	17.21	Secondary Liability—Contributory Infringement—Elements and Burden of Proof
—	17.21A	17.22	Copyright—Useful Articles/Functional Elements (17 U.S.C. § 101)
17.22	17.22	17.23	Copyright—Affirmative Defense—Fair Use (17 U.S.C. § 107)
17.23	17.23	17.24	Copyright—Affirmative Defense—Abandonment
17.24	17.24	17.25	Copyright—Affirmative Defense—Copyright Misuse
17.25	17.25	17.26	Copyright—Affirmative Defense—Implied License
—	17.25A	17.27	Copyright—Affirmative Defense—Express License
17.26	17.26	17.28	Copyright—Affirmative Defense—First Sale (17 U.S.C. § 109(a))
17.27	17.27	17.29	Copyright—Affirmative Defense—Service Provider of Network Communications Services Defined (17 U.S.C. §§ 512(i), (k))
17.28	17.28	17.30	Copyright—Affirmative Defense—Limitation on Liability for Transitory Digital Network Communications (17 U.S.C. § 512(a))
17.29	17.29	17.31	Copyright—Affirmative Defense—Limitation on Liability for System Caching (17 U.S.C. § 512(b))
17.30	17.30	17.32	Copyright—Affirmative Defense—Limitation on Liability for Information Residing on Systems or Networks at Direction of Users (17 U.S.C. § 512(c))
17.31	17.31	17.33	Copyright—Affirmative Defense—Limitation on Liability for Information Location Tools (17 U.S.C. § 512(d))
17.32	17.32	17.34	Copyright—Damages (17 U.S.C. § 504)
17.33	17.33	17.35	Copyright—Damages—Actual Damages (17 U.S.C. § 504(b))
17.34	17.34	17.36	Copyright—Damages—Defendant’s Profits (17 U.S.C. § 504(b))
17.35	17.35	17.37	Copyright—Damages—Statutory Damages (17 U.S.C. § 504(c))
17.36	17.36	17.38	Copyright—Damages—Innocent Infringement (17 U.S.C. § 504(c)(2))
17.37	17.37	17.39	Copyright—Damages—Willful Infringement (17 U.S.C. § 504(c)(2))