Only chapters that have new or renumbered instructions in the 2025 Print Edition are shown below. All other chapters have no changes in instruction numbering.
Chapter 2: Instructions on Types of Evidence
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2017 Print Version |
2025 Online Version |
2025 Print Version |
Title |
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— |
2.0 |
2.1 |
Cautionary Instructions |
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2.1 |
2.1 |
2.2 |
Stipulated Testimony |
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2.2 |
2.2 |
2.3 |
Stipulations of Fact |
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2.3 |
2.3 |
2.4 |
Judicial Notice |
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2.4 |
2.4 |
2.5 |
Deposition I Lieu of Live Testimony |
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2.5 |
2.5 |
2.6 |
Transcript of Recording in English |
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2.6 |
2.6 |
2.7 |
Transcript of Recording in Foreign Language |
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2.7 |
2.7 |
2.8 |
Disputed Transcript of Recording in Foreign Language |
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2.8 |
2.8 |
2.9 |
Foreign Language Testimony |
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2.9 |
2.9 |
2.10 |
Impeachment Evidence—Witness |
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2.10 |
2.10 |
2.11 |
Tests and Experiments |
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2.11 |
2.11 |
2.12 |
Use of Interrogatories |
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2.12 |
2.12 |
2.13 |
Use of Requests for Admission |
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2.13 |
2.13 |
2.14 |
[Expert] Opinion Testimony (2025); Expert Opinion (2017) |
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2.14 |
2.14 |
2.15 |
Charts and Summaries Not Received in Evidence |
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2.15 |
2.15 |
2.16 |
Charts and Summaries Received in Evidence |
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2.16 |
2.16 |
2.17 |
Evidence in Electronic Format |
Chapter 9: Civil Rights Action—42 U.S.C. § 1983
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2017 Print Version |
2025 Online Version |
2025 Print Version |
Title |
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9.1 |
9.1 |
9.1 |
Section 1983 Claim—Introductory Instruction |
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9.2 |
9.2 |
9.2 |
Causation |
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9.3 |
9.3 |
9.3 |
Section 1983 Claim Against Defendant in Individual Capacity— Elements and Burden of Proof |
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9.4 |
9.4 |
9.4 |
Section 1983 Claim Against Supervisory Defendant in Individual Capacity—Elements and Burden of Proof |
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9.5 |
9.5 |
9.5 |
Section 1983 Claim Against Local Governing Body Defendants Based on Unlawful Official Policy, Practice, or Custom—Elements and Burden of Proof |
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9.6 |
9.6 |
9.6 |
Section 1983 Claim Against Local Governing Body Defendants Based on Act of Final Policymaker—Elements and Burden of Proof |
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9.7 |
9.7 |
9.7 |
Section 1983 Claim Against Local Governing Body Defendants Based on Ratification—Elements and Burden of Proof |
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9.8 |
9.8 |
9.8 |
Section 1983 Claim Against Local Governing Body Defendants Based on a Policy That Fails to Prevent Violations of Law or a Policy of Failure to Train—Elements and Burden of Proof |
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9.9 |
9.9 |
9.9 |
Particular Rights—First Amendment—Public Employees—Speech |
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9.10 |
9.10 |
9.10 |
Particular Rights—First Amendment—Public Employees—Speaking as a Private Citizen |
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9.11 |
9.11 |
9.11 |
Particular Rights—First Amendment— “Citizen” Plaintiff |
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— |
9.11A |
9.12 |
Particular Rights—First Amendment—Convicted Prisoner/Pretrial Detainee’s Claim of Retaliation |
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9.12 |
9.12 |
9.13 |
Particular Rights—Fourth Amendment—Unreasonable Search—Generally |
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9.13 |
9.13 |
9.14 |
Particular Rights—Fourth Amendment—Unreasonable Search—Exception to Warrant Requirement—Search Incident to Arrest |
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9.14 |
9.14 |
9.15 |
Particular Rights—Fourth Amendment—Unreasonable Search— Exception to Warrant Requirement—Search of Vehicle Incident to Arrest of a Recent Occupant |
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9.15 |
9.15 |
9.16 |
Particular Rights—Fourth Amendment—Unreasonable Search—Exception To Warrant Requirement—Consent |
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9.16 |
9.16 |
9.17 |
Particular Rights—Fourth Amendment—Unreasonable Search—Exception to Warrant Requirement—Exigent Circumstances |
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9.17 |
9.17 |
9.18 |
Particular Rights—Fourth Amendment—Unreasonable Search—Exception to Warrant Requirement—Emergency Aid |
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— |
9.17A |
9.19 |
Particular Rights—Fourth Amendment—Unreasonable Search— Judicial Deception |
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9.18 |
9.18 |
9.20 |
Particular Rights—Fourth Amendment—Unreasonable Seizure of Property—Generally |
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9.19 |
9.19 |
9.21 |
Particular Rights—Fourth Amendment—Unreasonable Seizure of Property—Exceptions to Warrant Requirement |
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9.20 |
9.20 |
9.22 |
Particular Rights—Fourth Amendment—Unreasonable Seizure of Person—Generally |
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9.21 |
9.21 |
9.23 |
Particular Rights—Fourth Amendment—Unreasonable Seizure of Person—Exception to Warrant Requirement—Terry Stop |
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9.22 |
9.22 |
9.24 |
Particular Rights—Fourth Amendment—Unreasonable Search—Exception To Warrant Requirement—Terry Frisk |
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9.23 |
9.23 |
9.25 |
Particular Rights—Fourth Amendment—Unreasonable Seizure of Person—Probable Cause Arrest |
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9.24 |
9.24 |
9.26 |
Particular Rights—Fourth Amendment—Unreasonable Seizure of Person—Detention During Execution of Search Warrant |
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9.25 |
9.25 |
9.27 |
Particular Rights—Fourth Amendment—Unreasonable Seizure of Person—Excessive Force (2025); Particular Rights—Fourth Amendment—Unreasonable Seizure of Person—Excessive (Deadly and Nondeadly) Force (2017) |
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— |
9.25A |
9.28 |
Particular Rights—Sixth Amendment—Right to Compulsory Process—Interference with Witness |
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9.26 |
9.26 |
9.29 |
Particular Rights—Eighth Amendment—Convicted Prisoner’s Claim of Excessive Force |
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— |
9.26A |
9.30 |
Particular Rights—Eighth Amendment—Convicted Prisoner’s Claim of Sexual Assault |
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9.27 |
9.27 |
9.31 |
Particular Rights—Eighth Amendment—Convicted Prisoner’s Claim Re Conditions of Confinement/Medical Care |
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9.28 |
9.28 |
9.32 |
Particular Rights—Eighth Amendment—Convicted Prisoner’s Claim of Failure to Protect |
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9.29 |
9.29 |
9.33 |
Particular Rights—Fourteenth Amendment—Pretrial Detainee’s Claim of Excessive Force |
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9.30 |
9.30 |
9.34 |
Particular Rights—Fourteenth Amendment—Pretrial Detainee’s Claim Re Conditions of Confinement/Medical Care |
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9.31 |
9.31 |
9.35 |
Particular Rights—Fourteenth Amendment—Pretrial Detainee’s Claim of Failure to Protect |
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9.32 |
9.32 |
9.36 |
Particular Rights—Fourteenth Amendment—Due Process— Interference with Parent/Child Relationship |
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— |
9.32A |
9.37 |
Particular Rights–Fourteenth Amendment— Due Process—Civil Commitment |
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9.33 |
9.33 |
9.38 |
Particular Rights—Fourteenth Amendment—Due Process—Deliberate Fabrication of Evidence |
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— |
9.33A |
9.39 |
Particular Rights—Fourteenth Amendment—Due Process— Deliberate or Reckless Suppression of Evidence |
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— |
9.33B |
9.40 |
Particular Rights—Fourteenth Amendment—Due Process—State-Created Danger |
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9.34 |
9.34 |
9.41 |
Qualified Immunity |
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9.35 |
9.35 |
9.42 |
Bivens Claim Against Federal Defendant in Individual Capacity— Elements and Burden of Proof |
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— |
9.36 |
9.43 |
Discrimination in Making and Enforcing Contracts (42 U.S.C. § 1981) |
Chapter 10: Civil Rights—Title VII—Employment Discrimination; Harassment; Retaliation
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2017 Print Version |
2025 Online Version |
2025 Print Version |
Title |
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10.1 |
10.1 |
10.1 |
Civil Rights—Title VII—Disparate Treatment—Without Affirmative Defense of “Same Decision” (2025); Civil Rights—Title VII—Disparate Treatment—When Evidence Supports “Sole Reason” or “Motivating Factor” (2017) |
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10.2 |
10.2 |
10.2 |
Civil Rights—Title VII—Disparate Treatment—With Affirmative Defense of “Same Decision” (2025; Civil Rights—Title VII—Disparate Treatment—“Sole Reason”—Elements and Burden of Proof (2017) |
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10.3 |
10.3 |
10.3 |
Civil Rights—Title VII—Disparate Treatment— “Because of” Defined (2025); Civil Rights—Title VII—Disparate Treatment—“Motivating Factor”—Elements and Burden of Proof (2017) |
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10.4 |
10.4 |
10.4 |
Civil Rights—Title VII—Hostile Work Environment—Harassment |
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— |
10.4A |
10.5 |
Civil Rights—Title VII—Hostile Work Environment—Definition |
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10.5 |
10.5 |
10.6 |
Civil Rights—Title VII—Hostile Work Environment—Harassment Because of Protected Characteristics—Elements |
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10.6 |
10.6 |
10.7 |
Civil Rights—Title VII—Hostile Work Environment Caused by Supervisor—Claim Based upon Vicarious Liability—Tangible Employment Action—Affirmative Defense |
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10.7 |
10.7 |
10.8 |
Civil Rights—Title VII—Hostile Work Environment Caused by Non-Immediate Supervisor or by Co-Worker—Claim Based on Negligence |
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— |
10.7A |
10.9 |
“Hostile Work Environment” Defined |
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10.8 |
10.8 |
10.10 |
Civil Rights—Title VII—Retaliation—Elements and Burden of Proof |
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10.9 |
10.9 |
10.11 |
Civil Rights—Title VII—"Adverse Employment Action" Defined |
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10.10 |
10.10 |
10.12 |
Civil Rights—Title VII—"Adverse Employment Action" in Retaliation Cases |
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10.11 |
10.11 |
10.13 |
Civil Rights—Title VII—"Adverse Employment Action" in Disparate Treatment Cases |
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10.12 |
10.12 |
10.14 |
Civil Rights—Title VII—"Tangible Employment Action" Defined |
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10.13 |
10.13 |
10.15 |
Civil Rights—Title VII—"Constructive Discharge" Defined |
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10.14 |
10.14 |
10.16 |
Civil Rights—Title VII—Defense—Bona Fide Occupational Qualification |
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10.15 |
10.15 |
10.17 |
Civil Rights—Title VII—Defense—Bona Fide Seniority System |
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10.16 |
10.16 |
10.18 |
Civil Rights—Title VII—Defense—After-Acquired Evidence |
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10.17 |
10.17 |
10.19 |
Civil Rights—Title VII—Defense—Undue Hardship in Religious Accommodation Cases |
Chapter 15: Trademark
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2017 Print Version |
2025 Online Version |
2025 Print Version |
Title |
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15.1 |
15.1 |
15.1 |
Preliminary Instruction—Trademark |
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15.2 |
15.2 |
15.2 |
Definition—Trademark (15 U.S.C. § 1127) |
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15.3 |
15.3 |
15.3 |
Definition—Trade Dress (15 U.S.C. § 1125(a)) |
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15.4 |
15.4 |
15.4 |
Definition—Trade Name/Commercial Name (15 U.S.C. § 1127) |
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15.5 |
15.5 |
15.5 |
Trademark Liability—Theories and Policies (15 U.S.C. §§ 1114(1), 1125(a)) |
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15.6 |
15.6 |
15.6 |
Infringement—Elements and Burden of Proof—Trademark (15 U.S.C. § 1114(1)) |
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15.7 |
15.7 |
15.7 |
Infringement—Elements and Burden of Proof—Trade Dress (15 U.S.C. § 1125(a)(1)) |
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15.8 |
15.8 |
15.8 |
Infringement—Elements—Presumed Validity and Ownership—Registered Trademark (15 U.S.C. §§ 1057, 1065, and 1115) |
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15.9 |
15.9 |
15.9 |
Infringement—Elements—Validity—Unregistered Marks |
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15.10 |
15.10 |
15.10 |
Infringement—Elements—Validity—Unregistered Marks—Distinctiveness |
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15.11 |
15.11 |
15.11 |
Infringement—Elements—Validity— Distinctiveness—Secondary Meaning |
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15.12 |
15.12 |
15.12 |
Infringement—Elements—Validity—Trade Dress —Non-Functionality Requirement |
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15.13 |
15.13 |
15.13 |
Infringement—Elements—Ownership—Generally |
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15.14 |
15.13 |
15.13 |
Infringement—Elements—Ownership—Priority Through Tacking |
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15.15 |
15.15 |
15.15 |
Trademark Ownership—Assignee (15 U.S.C. § 1060) |
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15.16 |
15.16 |
15.16 |
Trademark Ownership—Licensee |
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15.17 |
15.17 |
15.17 |
Trademark Ownership—Merchant or Distributor |
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15.18 |
15.18 |
15.18 |
Infringement—Likelihood of Confusion—Factors—Sleekcraft Test (15 U.S.C. §§ 1114(1) and 1125(a)) |
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15.19 |
15.19 |
15.19 |
Infringement—Likelihood of Confusion—Sleekcraft Factor 1— Strength or Weakness of the Plaintiff’s Mark (2025); Infringement—Likelihood of Confusion—Factor— Strength of Trademark (2017) |
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— |
15.19A |
15.20 |
Expressive Works |
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15.20 |
15.20 |
15.21 |
Derivative Liability—Inducing Infringement |
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15.21 |
15.21 |
15.22 |
Derivative Liability—Contributory Infringement |
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15.22 |
15.22 |
15.23 |
Defenses—Abandonment—Affirmative Defense—Defendant’s Burden of Proof (15 U.S.C. § 1127) |
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15.23 |
15.23 |
15.24 |
Defenses—Continuous Prior Use Within Remote Geographic Area—Affirmative Defense (15 U.S.C. § 1115(b)(5)) |
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15.24 |
15.24 |
15.25 |
Defenses— “Classic” Fair Use (15 U.S.C. § 1115(b)(4)) |
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15.25 |
15.25 |
15.26 |
Defenses—Nominative Fair Use |
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— |
15.25A |
15.27 |
Defenses—First Sale |
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15.26 |
15.26 |
15.28 |
Trademark Damages—Actual or Statutory Notice (15 U.S.C. § 1111) |
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15.27 |
15.27 |
15.29 |
Trademark Damages—Plaintiff’s Actual Damages (15 U.S.C. § 1117(a)) |
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15.28 |
15.28 |
15.30 |
Trademark Damages—Plaintiff’s Statutory Damages (15 U.S.C. § 1117(c) and (d)) |
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15.29 |
15.29 |
15.31 |
Trademark Damages—Disgorgement of Defendant’s Profits (15 U.S.C. § 1117(a)) |
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15.30 |
15.30 |
15.32 |
Trademark Dilution (15 U.S.C. § 1125(c)) |
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15.31 |
15.31 |
15.33 |
Anti-Cybersquatting (15 U.S.C. § 1125(d)) |
Chapter 17: Copyright
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2017 Print Version |
2025 Online Version |
2025 Print Version |
Title |
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17.1 |
17.1 |
17.1 |
Preliminary Instruction—Copyright |
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17.2 |
17.2 |
17.2 |
Copyright—Defined (17 U.S.C. § 106) |
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17.3 |
17.3 |
17.3 |
Copyright—Subject Matter—Generally (17 U.S.C. § 102) |
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17.4 |
17.4 |
17.4 |
Copyright—Subject Matter—Ideas and Expression (17 U.S.C. § 102(b)) |
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17.5 |
17.5 |
17.5 |
Copyright Infringement—Elements—Ownership and Copying (17 U.S.C. § 501(a)-(b)) |
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17.6 |
17.6 |
17.6 |
Copyright Infringement—Ownership of Valid Copyright—Definition (17 U.S.C. §§ 201–205) |
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17.7 |
17.7 |
17.7 |
Copyright Infringement—Copyright Registration Certificate (17 U.S.C. § 410(c)) |
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17.8 |
17.8 |
17.8 |
Copyright Interests—Authorship (17 U.S.C. § 201(a)) |
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17.9 |
17.9 |
17.9 |
Copyright Interests— Joint Authors (17 U.S.C. §§ 101, 201(a)) |
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17.10 |
17.10 |
17.10 |
Copyright Interests—Authors of Collective Works (17 U.S.C. § 201(c)) |
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17.11 |
17.11 |
17.11 |
Copyright Interests—Work Made for Hire by Employee |
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17.12 |
17.12 |
17.12 |
Copyright Interests—Assignee (17 U.S.C. § 201(d)(1)) |
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17.13 |
17.13 |
17.13 |
Copyright Interests—Exclusive Licensee (17 U.S.C. § 201(d)(2)) |
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17.14 |
17.13 |
17.13 |
Copyright Infringement—Originality |
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17.15 |
17.15 |
17.15 |
Copyright Interests—Derivative Work |
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17.16 |
17.16 |
17.16 |
Compilation (17 U.S.C. § 101) |
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17.17 |
17.17 |
17.17 |
Copying—Access and Substantial Similarity |
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17.18 |
17.18 |
17.18 |
Copyright Infringement—Copying—Access Defined |
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17.19 |
17.19 |
17.19 |
Substantial Similarity—Extrinsic Test; Intrinsic Test |
|
17.20 |
17.20 |
17.20 |
Secondary Liability—Vicarious Infringement—Elements and Burden of Proof |
|
17.21 |
17.21 |
17.21 |
Secondary Liability—Contributory Infringement—Elements and Burden of Proof |
|
— |
17.21A |
17.22 |
Copyright—Useful Articles/Functional Elements (17 U.S.C. § 101) |
|
17.22 |
17.22 |
17.23 |
Copyright—Affirmative Defense—Fair Use (17 U.S.C. § 107) |
|
17.23 |
17.23 |
17.24 |
Copyright—Affirmative Defense—Abandonment |
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17.24 |
17.24 |
17.25 |
Copyright—Affirmative Defense—Copyright Misuse |
|
17.25 |
17.25 |
17.26 |
Copyright—Affirmative Defense—Implied License |
|
— |
17.25A |
17.27 |
Copyright—Affirmative Defense—Express License |
|
17.26 |
17.26 |
17.28 |
Copyright—Affirmative Defense—First Sale (17 U.S.C. § 109(a)) |
|
17.27 |
17.27 |
17.29 |
Copyright—Affirmative Defense—Service Provider of Network Communications Services Defined (17 U.S.C. §§ 512(i), (k)) |
|
17.28 |
17.28 |
17.30 |
Copyright—Affirmative Defense—Limitation on Liability for Transitory Digital Network Communications (17 U.S.C. § 512(a)) |
|
17.29 |
17.29 |
17.31 |
Copyright—Affirmative Defense—Limitation on Liability for System Caching (17 U.S.C. § 512(b)) |
|
17.30 |
17.30 |
17.32 |
Copyright—Affirmative Defense—Limitation on Liability for Information Residing on Systems or Networks at Direction of Users (17 U.S.C. § 512(c)) |
|
17.31 |
17.31 |
17.33 |
Copyright—Affirmative Defense—Limitation on Liability for Information Location Tools (17 U.S.C. § 512(d)) |
|
17.32 |
17.32 |
17.34 |
Copyright—Damages (17 U.S.C. § 504) |
|
17.33 |
17.33 |
17.35 |
Copyright—Damages—Actual Damages (17 U.S.C. § 504(b)) |
|
17.34 |
17.34 |
17.36 |
Copyright—Damages—Defendant’s Profits (17 U.S.C. § 504(b)) |
|
17.35 |
17.35 |
17.37 |
Copyright—Damages—Statutory Damages (17 U.S.C. § 504(c)) |
|
17.36 |
17.36 |
17.38 |
Copyright—Damages—Innocent Infringement (17 U.S.C. § 504(c)(2)) |
|
17.37 |
17.37 |
17.39 |
Copyright—Damages—Willful Infringement (17 U.S.C. § 504(c)(2)) |