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  1. 8.21 Conspiracy to Defraud the United States

    ... Cir. 2020) (emphasis in original).  If the evidence supports an argument the defendant did not act with the requisite ...

  2. 17.19 Substantial Similarity—Extrinsic Test; Intrinsic Test

    ... work(s) at issue, the copyright in question, and the evidence developed at trial.   The following cases may provide guidance in ...

  3. 8.149 Transporting or Attempting to Transport Monetary Instruments for the Purpose of Laundering

    ... see Cuellar v. United States , 553 U.S. 550, 561-68 (2008) (evidence of how money was moved insufficient to prove knowledge). The ...

  4. 8.143A Hobbs Act—Robbery or Attempted Robbery (18 U.S.C. § 1951)

    ... 1999)).   In Dominguez , the Ninth Circuit held that evidence was sufficient to support defendant’s conviction of attempted Hobbs ...

  5. 18.8 Violent Crime or Attempted Violent Crime in Aid of Racketeering Enterprise (18 U.S.C. § 1959)

    ... Manning , 151 F.4th 1144, 1152 (9th Cir. 2025) (noting that evidence of prior racketeering activity is “not prejudicial when it is an ...

  6. 14.22 Firearms–Using, Carrying, or Brandishing in Commission of Crime of Violence or Drug Trafficking Crime (18 U.S.C. § 924(c))

    ... or drug trafficking crime or when the government’s evidence of the underlying offense is insufficient as a matter of law, that ...

  7. 8.123 Mail Fraud—Scheme to Defraud—Deprivation of Intangible Right of Honest Services

    ... act.")). A quid pro quo requirement is satisfied if the evidence shows a course of conduct of favors and gifts flowing to a public ...

  8. 15.34 Mail Fraud—Scheme to Defraud—Deprivation of Intangible Right of Honest Services (18 U.S.C. §§ 1341, 1346)

    ... A quid pro quo requirement is satisfied if the evidence shows a course of conduct of favors and gifts flowing to a public ...

  9. 15.10 Infringement—Elements—Validity—Unregistered Marks—Distinctiveness

    ... trademark’s “incontestable registration is conclusive evidence that the mark is non-descriptive or has acquired secondary meaning, ...

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